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Worldwide Electricity Generation

The decarbonization of the energy industry is a critical imperative in the fight against climate change. In 2022, the worldwide electricity production landscape was characterised by a significant reliance on fossil fuels, particularly coal, contributing to substantial CO2 emissions.
Global Electricity Production Share (2022)
In 2022, the share of electricity production from various sources stood at 35.8%. While there have been advancements in renewable energy technologies, a considerable portion of the energy mix still came from non-renewable sources, exacerbating environmental concerns.
01
Coal Utilisation
A staggering 8.3 billion metric tons of coal were burnt for electricity generation in 2022. This highlights the persistent dependence on coal, a major emitter of greenhouse gases and a significant contributor to climate change. Efforts to reduce this reliance are crucial for achieving meaningful decarbonization.
02
CO2 Emissions
The combustion of such massive amounts of coal resulted in the emission of approximately 21.3 billion metric tons of CO2. This alarming figure underscores the urgent need for transitioning to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources to curb the adverse effects of climate change.
03

CO2 emission and its footprints

In 2021, CO2 emissions remained a global concern, with China and the United States standing out as major contributors. According to reports, China emitted 11 billion metric tons of CO2, while the United States emitted 5 billion metric tons during the same period.

Environmental Footprint Distribution

Understanding the environmental footprint of CO2 emissions is crucial for targeted mitigation efforts. In 2021, the distribution of CO2 emissions across various sectors was as follows:
01

Electricity and Heat (18%)

A significant portion of CO2 emissions, nearly one-fifth, stemmed from the production of electricity and heat.
02

Industry (19.6%)

Industrial activities accounted for a substantial share of emissions, highlighting the need for cleaner production processes.
03

Agriculture (15%)

Agricultural practices contributed a notable share to CO2 emissions, emphasising the importance of sustainable farming methods.
04

Buildings (6.4%)

Emissions from the residential and commercial building sector underscore the need for energy-efficient construction and usage.
05

Fuel Production & Transmission (4.2%)

The process of producing and transmitting fuels added to the overall carbon footprint.
06

Non-Road Transportation (4%):

Non-road transportation activities, such as aviation and shipping, contributed to emissions.
07

Petroleum Refining (2.6%)

The refining of petroleum products played a smaller but still significant role in CO2 emissions.
08

Landfill & Waste (1.4%)

The management of waste in landfills contributed to the overall carbon footprint, emphasising the importance of waste reduction and recycling.
09
Effects on Carbon Cycle
Human activities, particularly the burning of wood, fossil fuels (oil, coal, and natural gas), and other carbon sources, release stored carbon into the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect. The atmospheric CO2 concentration in 2022 was 419 ppm, equivalent to 3,268 billion metric tons of CO2 or 891 billion metric tons of carbon (Gt of C). Fossil fuel burning alone generated 36.8 billion tons of CO2, equal to 10 Gt of carbon.
Natural processes, such as plant and tree sequestration (25%) and ocean absorption (30%), help counteract emissions. Plants and trees sequester 9.2 Gt of CO2 (2.5 Gt of C), and the ocean absorbs 11 Gt of CO2 (3 Gt of C) annually. However, the net annual increase in atmospheric CO2 is around 16.6 Gt, representing approximately 45% of total emissions, equivalent to burning 4.5 billion tons of coal yearly.
To visualise the scale, a petagram (Pg) is a billion metric tons. For perspective, transporting one petagram of carbon as coal would require a train stretching about 156,500 miles, with each hopper car holding 100 tons (80% carbon).
The primary sources of atmospheric CO2 are fossil fuel burning and cement manufacturing. A detailed map from Purdue University’s Vulcan project illustrates CO2 emissions in the United States, highlighting population centres like the Seattle Metropolitan area as significant contributors to fossil fuel emissions. Overall, human-induced activities disrupt the carbon cycle, emphasising the need for mitigating emissions to address climate change impacts.

Consequences of Climate Change

Climate change brings about severe consequences, manifesting in natural calamities such as droughts, floods, forest fires, and the formation of severe storms. The repercussions extend beyond environmental damage to profoundly affect the economies of affected countries.

Economic Impact

01
Climate change severely damages economies by disrupting various sectors. The destruction of tangible assets, including buildings and equipment, coupled with the toll on human capital, leads to a deterioration of production capacity.

Destruction of Assets

02
Tangible assets crucial for economic activities are at risk. Buildings, infrastructure, and equipment are vulnerable to the intensified and more frequent natural disasters associated with climate change.

Global and National Financial Toll

03
In the United States alone, droughts, wildfires, and intense hurricanes have resulted in over a trillion dollars in damages since 1980. The global financial toll is significant, with over 250 billion dollars in damages reported worldwide in 2021, with approximately 145 billion dollars reported in the United States.
Sustainable Energy Circle
To address the challenges posed by fossil fuel dependence in electricity generation, a promising solution lies in embracing renewable energy resources. By shifting towards renewable energy, particularly in the context of a carbon-neutral circular economy, we can create a self-sustainable energy generation model.
The circular process begins with the cultivation of plants and trees, serving as the initial phase. Subsequently, biomass residue is produced, leading to the establishment of a bio-refinery. This bio-refinery not only generates high-value products and cellular fibres but also facilitates ethanol production, serving as a renewable energy source.
The energy produced from ethanol powers an electricity generator, contributing to the power grid line. The circular journey continues with algae cultivation, which further yields resources for automobile fuel. Importantly, this sustainable cycle starts anew with the cultivation of plants and trees, providing a dual benefit by reducing 50% of CO2 emissions.
This integrated approach not only shifts our reliance from fossil fuels to renewable energy but also establishes a closed-loop system that promotes environmental sustainability. By optimising bio-based resources and circular practices, we pave the way for a cleaner, more sustainable energy future.

About the Technology

Dr. Arpan Jain’s innovative biofuel cell technology, as detailed in the patent “Process for Synthesis of Lignocellulosic Based Bioproducts” (US Patent Application 17727705; International Patent Application PCT/US22/26462, April 2022), represents a significant breakthrough in sustainable energy generation. This technology, developed by Jain Energy, operates using ethanol and methanol in a two-phase reactor, achieving a dual purpose of generating high-value products and producing electricity.

Key Features of Jain Energy's Biofuel Cell Technology

Dual-Phase Reactor Operation

The technology utilises a two-phase reactor, efficiently processing ethanol and methanol to yield high-value products, specifically cosmetic antioxidants and carbon fibre precursors, while simultaneously generating electricity.

Successful Prototyping at 2 L-Scale

Demonstrating its feasibility, the biofuel cell technology has successfully undergone prototyping at a 2-litre scale, showcasing its potential for practical application.

Scalability to 1000 L

The scalability of the technology is evident as plans are underway to scale up operations to 1000 litres, emphasising its adaptability for larger-scale implementation.

Integration with Ethanol and Methanol Refineries

Jain Energy’s technology seamlessly integrates with existing ethanol and methanol refineries. This integration not only ensures a more sustainable energy production process but also holds the promise of economic self-sustainability.

Economic Viability and Reduced Carbon Emissions

The technology addresses both economic and environmental challenges associated with conventional energy sources. By producing high-value products alongside electricity, it not only reduces carbon emissions but also enhances economic viability.

Strides Towards Circular Economy

A notable aspect of this technology is its contribution to the circular economy. The simultaneous generation of high-value products aligns with circular practices, showcasing a holistic approach to sustainable energy solutions.
As Jain Energy progresses with scaling efforts, the biofuel cell technology emerges as a transformative solution with the potential for widespread impact on renewable energy hubs. By offering a reliable energy supply, economic self-sustainability, and reduced carbon emissions, Jain Energy’s technology signifies a crucial step towards achieving a cleaner and greener energy future.

Our Potential Market

Supporting Documents

Global Ethanol Market

In 2021, the United States produced a substantial 15 billion gallons (56.8 billion liters) of ethanol. Remarkably, the United States and Brazil jointly contribute to 82% of the world’s ethanol production, with a significant portion derived from corn in the United States and sugarcane in Brazil.

Key Ethanol Production Statistics:

  • Global Dominance: The United States and Brazil stand out as global leaders, collectively producing 82% of the world's ethanol.
  • Primary Sources: Corn is the primary source of ethanol in the United States, while sugarcane is the predominant source in Brazil.

According to Market Us:

  • Projected Market Growth: The ethanol market is anticipated to exceed USD 163.9 billion by 2032, marking substantial growth from USD 102.8 billion in 2022.
  • Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR): The market is expected to witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.9% from 2023 to 2032, reflecting a steady and positive trajectory.
These figures underscore the significant role of ethanol in the global energy landscape, with both the United States and Brazil playing pivotal roles in its production. The projected market growth signals a promising future for ethanol as a key player in the renewable energy sector.

Algae Biofuel Market

In 2022, the U.S. produced 2.5 billion gallons of diesel/biodiesel. However, algae biofuel faces challenges. Algae cultivation requires significant support and nutrients, leading to environmental and financial concerns. Harvesting and oil extraction processes contribute to a net loss, raising questions about the overall sustainability of algae-derived biofuels. Addressing these challenges is crucial for improving the viability of algae biofuels in comparison to traditional diesel/biodiesel production.

Supporting Documents

Global Ethanol Market

In 2021, the United States produced a substantial 15 billion gallons (56.8 billion liters) of ethanol. Remarkably, the United States and Brazil jointly contribute to 82% of the world’s ethanol production, with a significant portion derived from corn in the United States and sugarcane in Brazil.

Target Market: Medical-Grade Cosmetic Antioxidants

01
  • Market Size: Expected to reach USD 1.65 billion by 2028, growing from USD 980 million in 2021.
  • Current Selling Price: Priced at USD 13,000 per ton.
  • Applications: Used in skincare, haircare, and makeup.
  • Challenges:
  • Current Selling Price: Priced at USD 13,000 per ton.
  • Dependency on Petroleum: Reliance on petroleum-derived synthetic antioxidants, such as BHA and BHT, adds complexity to sourcing.

Target Market: Carbon Fiber

02
  • Market Size: Expected to grow from USD 18.4 billion in 2021 to USD 30 billion by 2030.
  • Current Selling Price: Priced at USD 21,000 per ton, based on PAN fiber.
  • Applications: Utilized in the automobile, aerospace, defense, and wind industries.
  • Challenges:
  • Cost and Technology Barriers: The current cost and technological limitations hinder widespread adoption of carbon composites across various industries.
  • PAN-Based Fiber Challenges: Presently, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers, with an average cost of around USD 21,500 per ton for non-aerospace grades, face challenges with a conversion efficiency of 50%.

Industries We Cater To

  • 1. Ethanol and Methanol Production Refineries (For electricity generation and grid energy supply)
  • 2. Power Industry (A possible replacement for coal-based energy generation)
Ethanol and Methanol Production Refineries

(For electricity generation and grid energy supply)

Power Industry

(A possible replacement for coal-based energy generation)

Join Us In Our Mission

Want to help make the world a cleaner, greener place?
Join Jain Energy’s mission! Work with our experts, support our vision with biofuel tech, team up for bigger impact, and share our message.
Together, let’s create a future that’s better for our planet!

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About Us
Dr. Arpan Jain, the visionary founder of Jain Energy, is a distinguished pioneer in the field of sustainable energy innovation.
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